The unique convergence of the global holiday, the homecoming of the diaspora, and the vast population size of Nigeria distinguishes Lagos' December.
Other African countries allow similar phenomena, such as Ghana's “year of return,” Cape Town's summer, and Kenya's coastal season, but still do not match the size of “Detoti December.”
The pidgin phrase, created by musician Eiji, means to unleash it and live it, but it properly describes this annual period of about six weeks, which Lagos will become a temporary epicenter in Africa.
Over the past decade, cities like Accra and Lagos have experienced a surge in high-profile concerts, consistent with the international rise of Afrobeat. There are some notable events that seem to be making a big contribution to this cultural renaissance, such as the Calabar Carnival in Cross River Province, Nigeria, known as the “large street party in Africa,” and the Flytime Fest Music Festival in Lagos.
In Ghana, festivals such as Afroshura (now Afrofuture) and Afronation, which were first held in Accra in 2019, have further enhanced their profile by portraying world-renowned celebrities such as Steve Hervey, Lupitagniongo and Naomi Campbell. This upward trend has since been temporarily suspended by the Covid-19 pandemic. Today, these cities are continuing their “Detoti December” movement.
Lagos is at the heart of the celebration
While Abuja acts as Nigeria's official capital, Lagos is undoubtedly the country's cultural heart, boasting a private beach club, famous weddings, various nightlife and a star-studded guest list. In December 2024, we welcomed things like Nigerian Afrobeat icons such as Burnaboy, David and Wizkid.
Oroma, a 36-year-old British and Nigerian entrepreneur, once dreamed of immersing herself in the country as an adult, rather than a fleeting Christmas visit. Six years later in Lagos, at age 33, she realized that Detoti December was the best way to experience Nigeria.
“If there's one thing Nigeria is teaching you, it's the “art of possibilities” and this isn't as obvious as in December. During this season, everyone blesses from the “Omonile Owner” (“Land Owner” (Blessing or Carr). The prizes flow, there is plenty of goodwill, and for a while the struggle takes the back seat.
The median age in Nigeria is only 18.1 years old, the world average of 30. It is significantly lower than 6 years, but the city's hustle has extended beyond the youth alone and accepts people of all ages. From the moment a visitor lands at Murtala Muhammed International Airport, the infectious energy is unmistakable. With a variety of events and activities, Lagos is suitable for all generations.
Unequal economic boost
Beyond its cultural importance, Detty December promotes considerable economic activity. When Nigerians come back in large numbers, their money comes with them. Nearly 90% of the estimated 550,000 inbound passengers during this period were Nigerians living abroad. For many local businesses, this season marks a financial peak, with some who exceeding their annual revenue within weeks.
December 2024 generated an estimated N107.6 billion ($71.6 million) in state revenue, driving 1.2 million visitors. Only Shortlett's apartments raised N21bn ($14 million), while Lagos' top 15 nightlife facilities gathered collectively for N43.2 billion ($2.9 million).
Despite undeniable economic benefits, Detty December is not without its flaws, its popularity is reflected in rising flight prices, limiting accessibility and services that are increasingly addressing the wealthy.
Over 40% of Nigerians currently live under the poverty line, being Africa's most populous nation, the sixth largest economic growth in the world, too late to deal with poverty among nearly 240 million citizens.
The country's long-term battle against rising inflation has failed to sustain life for many. A 41% depreciation against Naira's dollar in December 2024 allowed the diaspora to fully utilize everything that all Lagos has to offer.
However, while visitors benefit from increased spending, local residents use seasonal demand and exacerbate economic hardships, prices skyrocket. This surprised the tension between visitors and locals. Many locals believe that they are increasing pricing and terrible overcrowding to return diasporan Nigerians.
Furthermore, Lagosian infrastructure is struggling to cope with this surplus of people, suffering from boring public transport and excessive traffic, exacerbated by the city's never-ending club scene.
With over 17 million Nigerians living abroad, the growing momentum in December will likely continue to attract returnees, putting even more strain on the city's already overwhelming system. In addition to transportation issues, Lagos is working on unreliable water and electricity supply, and incorporates recurrent lapses of safety protocols.
Security remains a pressing concern. Over 4,700 enticements were reported 10 months after President Volatinub came to power in May 2023. Despite its appeal, Lagos remains a city where vigilance is essential.
“There is a general consensus that autonomy in Lagos is somewhat limited. Traveling cities usually requires coordination with drivers, and sometimes even security is necessary because roads may not be safe,” says Monjoro, an 18-year-old British Nigerian.
Causes of celebration
Despite these obstacles, December is helping the “African giants” positively redefine their global identity. Nigeria can showcase its diverse products by tackling infrastructure gaps and improving its ability to accommodate its temporarily expanded population.
Ayo, 48, says the month brings the best of Lagosians.
“It seems that local December in Lagos brings out the best among people. Many businesses embrace the spirit of celebration, decorate the space with decorations, and host holiday themed events throughout the season. The city is really alive and well. It's a local, but in December, the city feels more inclusive, thanks to the surge in both new and old-fashioned people.
However, as Detoti grows in December, tensions in Lagos also grow. The real question is whether the government can turn this seasonal boom into lasting progress.
“The moon is not an endless celebration for everyone. The rise in noise, traffic and costs can be a major challenge for those who have to continue working to maintain themselves,” Ayo says.
“Even so, December in Lagos is an unparalleled experience. We won't trade anything!”
